Death as a Post-Fall Event and Not of Nature (Metropolitan Hierotheos of Nafpaktos)

Death as a Post-Fall Event and Not of Nature 

 

By Metropolitan Hierotheos of Nafpaktos and Agiou Vlasiou 

 

Prologue

We are living in the period of the feast of the Resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ (Pascha), and we celebrate the fact that Christ by His death conquered death, sin, and the devil, according to the whole tradition of our Church. During these days we chant triumphantly: “Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life.”

He trampled down death and gave to everyone the possibility through His Grace to conquer spiritual death (his separation from God) and finally also the second death through the resurrection of the bodies. According to the Apostle Paul: “For He must reign till He has put all enemies under His feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death” (1 Cor. 15:25–26).

Likewise He abolished the devil in the sense that, according to the word of the Apostle Paul: “Since therefore the children share in flesh and blood, He Himself likewise partook of the same things, that through death He might destroy him who has the power of death, that is, the devil, and deliver those who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage” (Heb. 2:14–15).

This means that within the Church, which is the true Body of Christ, we struggle, by the power of Christ, to conquer sin and the passions, to transform the powers of soul and body so that they may proceed according to nature and toward that which is above nature, and to partake even now of the life of Christ and of His Resurrection.

Death was the result of Adam’s sin with the cooperation and contribution of the devil, and in the Church, with the help of God, we wage a struggle against all three of these: namely the devil, sin, and death.

Nevertheless, there are certain contemporary theologians who claim that death is not the result of sin, but is a natural condition, because it is connected with the created nature of human existence. Such a teaching overturns the entire theology of the Church concerning original sin and furthermore undermines the whole work of the incarnation of the Son and Word of God, and even of the Church itself.

This view in a certain way reintroduces the heresy of Pelagianism, which the Church condemned synodically. This is analyzed in the text that follows, titled: “Death as a Post-Fall Event and Not of Nature.”

Saint Lydia of Philippi: The First European and Greek Christian

By Lambros Skontzos

One of the most beloved female figures mentioned in the New Testament is Saint Lydia of Philippi in Macedonia, who is in fact regarded as the first Christian woman of Europe and, of course, the first Greek Christian woman.

We receive information about her exclusively from the sacred book of the Acts of the Apostles (chapter 16). The Apostle Paul, together with his co-workers Timothy, Silas, and Luke, during his second missionary journey in the spring of 50 A.D., while he was in Troas, saw an important vision: a Macedonian man who said to him: “Come over into Macedonia and help us” (Acts 16:9). The great Apostle considered this vision as a command from God to cross into Europe in order to preach the gospel of salvation.

Without wasting time, he boarded a ship together with his co-workers and arrived at the harbor of Neapolis, present-day Kavala. By way of the Via Egnatia they reached Philippi, a very important Roman city which enjoyed special privileges from imperial Rome. It was built in a strategic location in the midst of a rich region. After the Battle of Philippi (42 B.C.) it was transformed into a Roman colony and populated by Roman veteran soldiers; it bore the privileged name “Colonia Iulia Augusta Philippensis” and was governed by magistrates, possessing administrative and economic autonomy.

Holy Martyr Thallelaios in the Hymnography of the Orthodox Church

By Fr. George Dorbarakis

1. Saint Thallelaios lived during the reign of Numerian (around the end of the third century). He came from Lebanon; his father was called Beroukios and his mother Romylia, and he studied the medical art. He was arrested for his faith in Christ in Azarbos, the second province of Cilicia, while he was hiding in an olive grove. He was then led before the governor Theodore, who, since he was unable to persuade him to sacrifice to the idols, ordered that his ankles be pierced and that he be hung upside down with ropes. While the servants appeared to be carrying out the command, by some divine power they lost their minds and instead of the Saint pierced a piece of wood and hung it up. They themselves were then beaten, because they were thought to have mocked the governor. Afterwards the governor ordered the Saint to be thrown into the sea, from which however he emerged unharmed, clothed in a white garment. After these things he was cast into the arena to be devoured by wild beasts, but again he remained unharmed, whereupon they cut off his head with a sword in Edessa, the city of Aigai.

Prologue in Sermons: May 20

For Guarding Ourselves From Sins It Is Good to Think That the Devil Has Constant Warfare With Us and That Those Who Conquer Him Do Not Remain Without Reward

May 20

(Word from the Paterikon.)
 
By Archpriest Victor Guryev

Know, brethren, that for guarding ourselves from sins it is good for us to think more often that the enemy of our salvation constantly wars against us and that those conquering him receive from God for their victory over the enemy crowns in the future life. This is evident from the following.

A certain monk Moses was greatly tormented by demons tempting him to the sin of the flesh. Not being able to drive away from himself the vile thoughts and not wishing any longer to remain in his cell, he went to the venerable Isidore and announced to him his inner warfare. The elder began to entreat him that he return to his cell, but Moses remained unyielding. Then the elder led him up onto a mountain and said: “Look to the west.” Moses looked and saw a multitude of demons rushing to battle against him. After some time Isidore said: “Now look more attentively to the east.” Moses began to look to the east and beheld an innumerable multitude of people shining with heavenly glory. And Abba Isidore said to Moses: “These whom you see in the east are the saints sent to us for help in the struggle against sin; and those whom you saw in the west are those fighting against us, the enemies of our salvation.” And the words of Abba Isidore so inspired and encouraged Moses that he glorified God and, completely renewed morally, returned to his cell.

The Genocide of Pontic Hellenism

By Fr. George Dorbarakis

The 19th of May has been established now for several years by the Parliament of the Greeks as a day dedicated to the genocide by the Turks of the Hellenism of Pontus. It was one of those decisions of the Parliament which reveal that often the policy of defeatism is overcome — “simply let us be on good terms with the Turks” — which has been observed not only not to help in the good neighboring relations of the countries, but usually to nourish the conquering intentions of those considered stronger. In the present case of the Pontians, the designation of this specific day as a day of remembrance of their genocide showed to Metropolitan Greece, even if only to a small degree, that there exists a most significant part of Hellenism, among the choicest and most genuine, which is Pontic Hellenism, a fact which we believe leads, from a national point of view, to two good things:

Holy Hieromartyr Patrick of Prusa and His Companions in the Hymnography of the Orthodox Church

 

 

 By Fr. George Dorbarakis

 

1. The Great Patrick was accused because of his faith in Christ and was led before the eparch Julius. He attempted to persuade him to change his faith in many ways, presenting to him as an argument the hot waters which came forth from a spring. That is, he said to him that these are heated by the providence of the gods and are poured forth for the benefit of men. The Holy Martyr answered that indeed the hot waters come forth for benefit, but from the power of the Lord Jesus, Who ordained that there should exist two places: one filled with good things where the Righteous rest, and another filled with darkness and fire, where sinners will be condemned after their resurrection from the dead. And further, continued the Saint, God placed fire in the whole creation and mingled it also among its other elements. And there exists above the heavenly firmament fire and water, while the same also exists beneath the earth, from where the springs likewise gush forth. And those springs which approach the fire pour forth hot water, while the others which are distant from the fire pour forth cold. And the Saint emphasized that the fire beneath the earth is the place of punishment for impious souls, while the water lower than all freezes and becomes crystal, which is called Tartarus, where it was allotted for the gods of the idolaters to dwell. And after he said many such and similar things to him, the ruler ordered that he be thrown into the hot waters which were bubbling forth. And instead of the Saint suffering any harm, those who threw him in were harmed more, while he himself came out unharmed. Then the ruler ordered that he be put to death by the sword, whereupon together with Akakios, Menander, and Polyainos their heads were cut off. 

 

Prologue in Sermons: May 19

How to Ease Your Sorrow When You Suffer Unjust Offenses

May 19

(The death of the Right-Believing Prince Ivan, in monasticism Ignatius, the Wonderworker of Vologda.)
 
By Archpriest Victor Guryev

There seems to be nothing more difficult than preserving good cheer when we endure an offense, and especially when we suffer undeservedly. The heart seems ready to tear apart: “Can it really be,” we say, “that God does not see that we suffer unjustly? Will He really not punish our enemy? And why does the latter triumph? Where is justice?” And by this we usually add another sorrow to the one already oppressing us: for anger torments the heart, malice toward the enemy takes away the last peace, and indeed the sufferings become unbearable.

But what is to be done, you will say? How can one act otherwise? The devil, who hates good, once implanted in the heart of the great prince Ivan Vasilyevich hatred against his brother Andrey Vasilyevich of Uglich and his children Ivan and Dmitry. He ordered them to be sent in chains to Pereslavl; afterwards they were taken to Belozersk, then to Vologda, and there they remained in prison in chains for many years. One of these persecuted ones, the right-believing Prince Ivan, arming himself with courage, not only himself endured the undeserved heavy punishment without complaint, but had such strength that he also exhorted his brother Dmitry and said to him:

The Light of Christ as Salvation and Judgment (Sunday of the Blind Man)

THE LIGHT OF CHRIST AS SALVATION AND JUDGMENT
(SUNDAY OF THE BLIND MAN)

By Johannes Karavidopoulos,
Emeritus Professor of New Testament at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Unique in the New Testament, as a healing of a blind man from birth, is this one which the Evangelist John narrates to us in the passage 9:1–38. Several other cases of healings of blind men are preserved for us also by the remaining evangelists, not so much because blindness was a disease very widespread in Palestine and in the ancient East more generally, or because the compassion of Jesus toward this kind of sick people was great, but because these miracles prove His messiahship and at the same time constitute signs of a new reality which Christ brings into the world. The prophets of the Old Testament, describing the work of the expected Messiah, mention among its various aspects also the restoring of sight to the blind. Therefore He Who has the authority to restore sight again to the blind is none other than the Messiah.

Venerable Macarius of Altai (+ 1847)

Venerable Macarius of Altai
(November 8, 1792 – May 18, 1847) 

Archimandrite, founder of the Altai Spiritual Mission, spiritual writer, author of translations of the Bible and patristic literature into the Russian and Altai languages.

Day of Commemoration: May 18 (31)

Childhood Years and Education

Venerable Macarius, in the world Mikhail Yakovlevich Glukharyov, was born on November 8, 1792, in the family of the priest of the Cathedral of the Entry into the Temple of the Most Holy Theotokos in the city of Vyazma of the Smolensk province. Mikhail received his initial, very good education from his father, who had completed the full course of the theological seminary, which in those times was a rarity. Father Yakov was a preacher well known in the district. He taught his son Latin so well that at the age of seven the boy could translate from the Russian language into Latin. At the age of 8 he was immediately placed into the 3rd class of the ecclesiastical school attached to the Forerunner Monastery of Vyazma.

Once, while returning home, he caught a cold and was ill for half a year. The illness caused serious complications to his vocal cords and lungs. Later, already as a priest, missionary, and teacher, he experienced significant difficulties because of this.

Upon completion of the school, Mikhail was transferred to the Smolensk Theological Seminary. In 1812, because of Napoleon’s invasion and the beginning of the Patriotic War, studies at the seminary were interrupted for a year. In 1813 Mikhail Glukharyov graduated from the seminary with distinction and was retained there as a teacher of Latin grammar.

By synodal decree of 1814, the seminary was required to send two of its best students for the formation of the second course of the renewed Saint Petersburg Theological Academy, and Glukharyov was one of them. Here he attracted the attention of the rector of the academy, Archimandrite Philaret (Drozdov; later Metropolitan of Moscow), who became his first spiritual mentor. “I surrendered my will to His Grace Philaret,” Father Macarius later wrote, “and did nothing and began nothing without his counsel and blessing, almost daily confessing my thoughts to him.” Mikhail was distinguished by deep knowledge in theology, history, geography, and excellent command of the Latin, German, French, Ancient Greek, and Ancient Hebrew languages.